UV Absorber & Llight Stabilizers Market And Trend

Table of Content

1. UV Absorber & Light Stabilizers Market 
2. UV Absorber & Light Stabilizers Trend

1. UV Absorber & Light Stabilizers Market
In year 2015, global plastic and coating uv absorber (include light stabilizers) market scale is about 13 Billion RMB,and with 3% to 4% compound average growth rate(CAGR) in next four years. This attributes to industrial development in emerging market plus significant growth in demand for coating globally.For example, automotive and industrial paint has driven the demand for polymer additives. With threshold of high techniques in additives manufacturing and developing, uv absorbers (include light stabilizers) manufacturers was located in few chemistry-developed countries.Opportunities of growth exists in new market and exploring in new applications.

2. UV Absorber & Light Stabilizers Trend

to be updated...

Polymer Antioxidant Market And Trend

1. Polymer antioxidant market 
2. Polymer antioxidant trend

1. Polymer Antioxidant Market

to be updated

2. Polymer Antioxidant Trend

Development in recent years has focused on technical improvement of the product, and easier handling and dispersion.The main technical objectives have been more durable effect at lower dosage levels, with good retention of color and transparency when required. Improvement of toxicological properties, for food-contact and medical applications, has also been a continuing aim of developers. To improve handling, pelletized and liquid systems have been introduced, and there is a general trend towards greater use of masterbatch.

• Easier handing / dispersion 
• Low Dosage Level 
• Durable Effect 
• Food Contact / Medical Application 
• Pelletized / Liquid 

What is UV absorber and how does it work ?

Table Of Content

1. What Is UV Absorber ?
2. UV Absorber Classification
3. How Does UV absorber Work ?
4. Synergistic Effect Of Light Stabilizers And UV Absorber

1. What Is UV Absorber?

These additives preferentially absorb the incident UV radiation and so protect the polymer from the radiation. UV absorbers do not themselves degrade rapidly, but they convert UV energy into harmless levels of heat energy, which are dissipated throughout the polymer matrix. UV absorbers are limited in their effectiveness because of the physical limitations of the absorption process, and their ability to absorb is governed by the need for high concentrations of additive and thickness of polymer before sufficient absorption will occur to retard the photodegradation effectively.

However, high concentrations of additive would be uneconomic and technically limited, while many applications (such as polyolefins) are in very thin sections, such as film and fibre.Benzophenones are good general-purpose UV absorbers for clear polyolefin systems, and can also be used in pigmented compounds. Benzotriazoles are used mainly in polystyrene. Both can also be used in polyesters. Concentrations are usually about 0.25-1.0%

Synonyms of UV absorber

• UV absorber agent
• UV stabilizer
• UV stabilizer agent
• ultraviolet absorber agent
• ultraviolet light absorber agent [dt_divider style="thin" /]

2. UV Absorber Classification

The main function of UV absorbers is to absorb UV radiation in the presence of a chromophore (Ch) found in the polymer, the aim being to filter out the UV light that is harmful to the polymer before Ch* has had a chance of forming. Above all, a UV absorber must function within the 290 and 350 nm range.The purpose of UV absorbers is to absorb harmful UV light and quickly transform it into harmless heat. During this process, absorbed energy is converted into vibrational and rotational energy of the molecule constituents. For UV absorbers to be effective, it is essential that this process take place more rapidly than the corresponding reaction within the substrate, and that neither the UV absorber nor the polymer it is intended to stabilize are damaged during energy conversion. The most important UV absorbers are:

   a) 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazoles

   b) 2-hydroxy-benzophenones

   c) hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines

   d) oxalanilides

Each of these UV absorber groups can be characterized by a typical absorption and transmission spectrum.

3. How Does UV Absorber Work ?

(mechanism of UV absorber)
The main function of UV absorbers is to absorb UV radiation in the presence of a chromophore (Ch) found in the polymer, the aim being to filter out the UV light that is harmful to the polymer before chromophore free radical Ch* has had a chance of forming. Above all, a UV absorber must function within the 290 and 350 nm range.The effectiveness of UV absorbers is determined not only by their absorption characteristics but also, above all, by the Lambert-Beer Law.

Extinction depends on wavelength and can be regarded as a measure of the stabilizing or screening effect of the UV absorber. In other words, the higher the extinction, the higher the UV light screening and the greater the stabilizing effect – always assuming that the UV absorber is not itself destroyed by the absorption of the light. Extinction thus depends on the extinction coefficient, the concentration, “c”, of the UV absorber in the polymer, and on the film thickness, “d”, of the unpigmented polymers.

For a UV absorber to be effective, it must absorb UV light better and faster than the polymer it is meant to stabilize and dissipate the absorbed energy before unwelcome side reactions are triggered.This means that transformation of the energy absorbed in the form of UV light must take place in the singlet state. Inter-system crossing (transition S1 to T1) and therefore phosphorescence must be excluded.

4. Synergistic Effect Of Light Stabilizers And UV Absorber

UV absorbers are not able to absorb all of the UV radiation that a coating is exposed to. Some UV radiation will penetrate the coating surface. Because of this, HALS are incorporated into the polymers. These molecules work by scavenging any free radicals that do form – this is different from UV absorbers, which prevent their formation in the first place HALS function by removing radicals from the system and subsequently regenerating themselves. Most formulators will use a combination of absorbers and HALS for this reason.

Synergistic combinations of UV absorbers and HALS are optimal for the stabilization of polymer. UV absorbers are governed by the Beer Lambert Law, thus absorbance is linearly related to the concentration of UVA (320 to 400 nanometers (used for photocuring), its molar absorptivity (extinction coefficient), and path length (coating thickness).  HALS are free radical scavengers and are not subject to Beer's Law and work anywhere in the coating system.  HALS are especially effective at coating surfaces, providing better gloss retention, higher chalking resistance in pigmented systems while avoiding crack formation in clear coats. For pigmented systems, HALS provide the primary mechanism of stabilization  because most UV radiation is blocked by pigment from penetrating beyond the first few microns of coating. The selection of the appropriate UVA/HALS combinations and concentration is dependent on the chemistry of polymer application system, the presence of pigments and fillers, film thickness and exposure conditions.

How To Choose Optical Brightener Agent?

Table of content

General guide
Things to know when choosing optical brightener for plastic
Typical optical brighteners for plastics
How to choose optical brightener for PVC?
How to add optical brighteners into plastics ?

General guide

Here we could use optical brightener classification as a general guide which we could know if we choosing the right type of optical brightener for our application

Detergent optical brightener CBS-X,DMS/AMS,CBS-155

Paper optical brightener PC, BBU/ BBU-L, VBL/VBL-L

Fiber / Textile optical brightener 4BK,ER-I/ER-I L,ER-II/ER-II L,EBF/EBF-L,PF / DT, BA,CXT,R4,MST-L,BAC,SWN / AW-L,WGS,NFW

Plastic optical brightener OB,OBR,OB-1,KSN,KCB,KSB,FP-127,CBS-127,PF

Paint / Ink optical brightener UVT-1,ST,OEF,RT

Things to know when choosing optical brightener for plastic

1.Whitening effect
whitening effect is related with the substrate to be whiten,processing conditions and possible interactions with other components in the formulation

2.Responsiveness
OBAs should compatible with plastic in case of bleeding. Compared with textile, thermoplastic usage OBAs shall require higher heat resistance and lower volatility

3.Light resistance
Fluorescent optical brightener had a limited light resistance, much lower than pigments and most plastics. while in any cases, the photochemical degradation of fluorescent whitening agents shall not yellowing the plastics

4.Hue
In most cases, people would prefer mid to blue to bluish green shade rather than red.

5.Processing condition
To maximize whitening effect, OBAs should completely resolved or evenly dispensed into product.

6.Other components in systems, such as pigments, uv absorber,Titanium dioxide pigments (TiO2 ) absorb light in the same UV wavelength range as fluorescent whiteners and thus reduce OBAs whitening effect.Anatase type titanium dioxide pigments absorb approximately 40% of the incident radiation at 380 nm, while rutile type titanium dioxide pigments absorb about 90%.UV Absorber absorber the light as well while whitening effectiveness is less reduced.

Typical optical brighteners for plastics

as chart below, we listed the typical plastic materials usage optical brightener

Application	OBAs Adding Form	Typical OBAs	Issue to mind
R-PVC	Dry powder mix	Ob	Solubility Immigration resistance
F-PVC	Dissolve or disperse in Plasticizer	Ob
Transparent PVC	Plasticizer+OBAs Masterbatch OBAs+PVC Masterbatch
PS	Dry powder mix before process	OB
AbS	Dry powder mix before process	Ob
PC ＜300	Dry powder mix before process	Ob	Heat stability; volatility
PC ＞300	Dry powder mix before process	OB-1
PU Film	Dry powder mix before process with granules or solution	Single component Kcb	Immigration resistance Solubility
PU Coating	Dry powder mix before process with solution		/
PU Adhesive	Liquid or dispersion		/
PU form	Liquid		Polyhydric alcohol soluble
Polyolefin	Dry powder mix	KP 127 KSN	Compatibility PP＞hdpe＞ldpe Immigration resistance
Pmma	Dry powder mix	Ob Kcb	Solubility
UPR	Dissolve fwa into UPR Before curing	Ob	Solubility No side effect during curing
PET	polycondensation	OB-1	After treatment necessary
PA	Spinning	OB-1	/
Detergent Water base coating	Liquid	Cbs-x	/

How to choose optical brightener for PVC?

It is worth noting that same optical brightener gain different whitening effect in rigid PVC (RPVC)  and flexible PVC (FPVC).Bisbenzoxazole or phenyl coumarin  group are often used in PVC. When PVC powder ,heat stabilizer,fluorescent brightener agent dry mixed, optical brighteners were evenly dispensed. For flexible PVC,OBAs were  dissolved or dispersed into plasticizer. It is better to add FWAs in masterbatch form.For transport PVC, optical brightener plus plasticizer masterbatch or OBAs plus PVC masterbatch were used.

Dosage:
normally,50 to 100 mg/kg is enough. To meet requirement of extreme white with filler in, 500mg/kg optical brightener agent is added. For rutile titanium dioxide PVC system,1000mg/kg OBAs is suggested. in most cases,plasticizer in PVC had little effect on OBAs,Processing temperature is normally 100 to 200 degree which mean optical brightener heat stability shall meet. We shall pay attention to solubility and immigration which is important to flexible PVC

How to Choose Optical brightener for polyolefin,pu,engineering plastic,fiber,styrenics,elastomer&rubber?

(this part to be updated)

How to add optical brighteners into plastics ?

Optical brighteners are added during thermoplastic molding process, rather than added in liquid form afterwards, that's the word mass-whitening come from.Generally, OBAs were mixed with powder or granules plastic For flexible PVC, OBAs were added in solution form or dispense into plasticizer. OBAs were used in masterbatch form to gain a better dispense effect in plastic. For PET fiber,some OBAs could added during polymerization process which in monomer from. in this way, stable heat resistance and low volatility is required for OBAs

How Does Optical Brightener Agent Work?

Mechanism Of Optical Brightener 

Optical brighteners or fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) are colorless to weakly colored organic compounds that, in solution or applied to a substrate, absorb ultraviolet light and re-emit most of the absorbed energy as blue fluorescent light between 400 and 500nm.

Materials that evenly reflect most of the light at all wavelengths striking their surface appear white to the human eye. Natural fibers, for example, generally absorb more light in the blue region of the visible spectrum (‘blue defect’) than in others because of impurities (natural pigments) they contain. As a result, natural fibers take on an unwanted, yellowish cast. Synthetic fibers also have this yellowish cast, although not as pronounced.

Whiteness in substrates can be improved by (1) increasing reflection (reflectance) or (2) compensating the blue defect.Bleaching has both of these effects to some extent, but invariably leaves behind part of the yellowish cast. Even the most thorough bleach cannot remove all traces of a yellowish cast.Before the advent of fluorescent whitening agents (FWA),common practice was to apply small amounts of blue or violet dyes (called ‘bluing’) to boost the visual impression of  whiteness. These dyes absorb light in the green-yellow  region of the spectrum, thereby reducing lightness. But, since at the same time they shift the shade of the yellowish material towards blue, the human eye perceives an increase of whiteness.

Unlike dyes, FWAs offset the yellowish cast and at the same time improve lightness because their bluing effect is not based on subtracting yellow-green light, but rather on adding blue light. FWAs are virtually colorless compounds
which, when present on a substrate, absorb primarily invisible ultraviolet light in the 300-400 nanometer (nm) range and re-emit in the visible violet-to-blue fluorescent light. This ability of FWAs to absorb invisible short wavelength radiation and re-emit in the visible blue light which imparts a brilliant whiteness to the light reflected by a substrate, is the key to FWAs effectiveness.

Optical Brightener Introduction

Table of Content

1. What Is Optical Brightener 

2. Optical Brightener Classification

1. What is optical brightener agent ?

(Optical Brightener Definition and Synonyms)

Optical Brightener Definition

Optical brightener sometimes called optical brightening agents (OBAs), fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs) or fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) are colorless to weakly colored organic compounds.When present on a substrate,absorb primarily invisible ultraviolet light in the 300-400 nanometer (nm) range and re-emit in the visible violet-to-blue fluorescent light to yield a brighter, fresher appearance.They are designed to brighten colors or mask yellowing in plastics, lacquers, paints, inks, photo-processing solutions and fibers.

Optical Brightener Synonyms

optical brightener agent

OBAs

optical whitener

optical whitener agent

optical whitening

optical whitening agent

optical brightening

whitening

brightening

fluorescent brightener

fluorescent whitener

FWAs

fluorescent whitening

forescent whitening agent

fluorescent brightening

fluorescent brightening agent
FBAs

2. Optical Brightener Classification

optical brightener classification by application

• optical brightener for detergent

include optical brightener CBS-X,DMS/AMS,CBS-155

• optical brightener for paper

include Optical brightener PC, BBU/ BBU-L, VBL/VBL-L

• optical brightener for fiber and textile

include optical brightener 4BK,ER-I/ER-I L,ER-II/ER-II L,EBF/EBF-L,PF / DT, BA,CXT,R4,MST-L,BAC,SWN / AW-L,WGS,NFW

• optical brightener for plastic

include optical brightener OB,OBR,OB-1,KSN,KCB,KSB,FP-127,CBS-127,PF

• optical brightener for paint and ink

include optical brightener UVT-1,ST,OEF,RT

Optical brightener classification by chemical structure

1. Toluylene type, with blue fluorescent light, used in cotton fiber,synthesis fiber,paper,soap industries

2. Vanilla type, with coumarone structure and strong blue fluorescent light, use in celluloid,PVC plastics

3. Pyrazoline type,with green fluorescent light, used in wool,polyamide,acrylic fibers.

4. Benzo nitrogen type,with red fluorescent light,used in acrylic fiber,PVC,PS

5. Phthalimide type, with blue fluorescent light, used in terylene,acrylic fiber,Cotton fiber.

Plastic Optical brightener classification

1. Bisbenzoxazole, chemical structure as below, OB,OB-1,KSN,KCB belongs to this chemical structure

2. Phenyl coumarin,chemical structure as below

3. distyry-biphenyls,chemical structure as below,CBS-X is with this chemical structure

Polymer Antioxidant Introduction

Table Of Content 

1 What is Antioxidant ?
2 Antioxidant types / classification

What is Antioxidant ?

Definition Of Antioxidant

Antioxidant is a chemical compound that prevents oxygen from reacting with other compounds that are susceptible to oxidation.Polymer / plastic antioxidant, is a class of heat stabilizers,can be added to improve shelf life of the product or to improve its high temperature stability. while adding a stability margin during thermal processing

Antioxidant Classification

Classified by mechanism

Antioxidants can be divided into two classes, according to their mechanism in interrupting the degradation process: (a) chain-terminating primary anti-oxidants; and (b) hydroperoxide-decomposing secondary antioxidants

Primary Antioxidant react rapidly and are termed  "radical scavengers'".The most important are sterically hindered phenolics and secondary aromatic amines.Hindered phenolics are high molecular weight anti-oxidants for polymer systems that are sensitive to thermal and oxidative degradation, due to formation of free radicals and peroxides. They protects against degradation at high processing temperatures and are highly efficient, low in volatility, and non-staining, with wide toxicological clearance and are effective at very low dosages (0.01-0.1%)

Secondary Antioxidant react with hydroperoxides to produce non-radical products and are therefore often termed 'hydroperoxide decomposers'. They differ from primary phenols and amines in that they are decomposed by reaction with hydroperoxide, rather than containing it. They are particularly useful in synergistic combinations with primary anti-oxidants. Phosphite / phosphonites are generally regarded as secondary antioxidant.

Antioxidant Binary Blends, primary antioxidants plus a high-temperature hydrolytically stable organo-phosphite secondary antioxidant Or thioesters plus phenolic antioxidant, Their use is limited to applications where possible effects on odour or taste and negative interaction with HALS (hindered amine light stabilizers) are not important.

Classification by chemistry

Industrial Antioxidant additives also classified into phenolics,metal deactivates,amines,phosphites,thioesters and binary blends among the industry.

classification by application

Industrial Antioxidant can also classified into categories as below

categories	Material
Polyolefin	PP thick section
	PP thin section
	Fiber & strip
	HDPE
	LDPE
	LLDPE
	PEX
	PB
Styrenics	PS
	SAN
	IPS
	HIPS
	MBS
	ABS
	SIS
	SBS
PUR	PUR
Engineering plastic	PC
	POM
	PET
	PBT
	UPR
	Aliphatic PA
	TPEE
	TPU
	PMMA
	PPE
	PSU
PVC	RPVC
	PPVC
Elastomer	BR
	IR
	SBR
	NBR
	EPR,EPDM
	Thermoplastic rubber
	TPO
	X-SBR

classification by end use

there are six main end use sector in antioxidant end use

• Building and construction
• Electrical and electronic ( E&E industry)
• Packing
• Automotive Industry
• Agriculture
• Fiber/Fibre

About us

Established in 2008 and with nearly a decade of experiences in additives for polymer in China.

Our product range are organic pigments,antioxidants,uv absorber,light stabilizers,optical brighteners.

Committed to provide customers with satisfied goods and services on time.Our goal is to be a comprehensive supplier and our customers' advisor in our section with consistent quality and sustainable oriented.

Please feel free to contact us at info@additivesforpolymer.com. Our sales and technical staff are always glad to assist.

How to Choose Antioxidants, UV Absorber, Light Stabilizers for Plastic ?

Table of Content

1. How does polymer stabilizer & antioxidant work？
2. How to choose antioxidants,uv absorber,light stabilizer for plastic?

1. How does polymer stabilizer & antioxidant work？

Mechanism of polymer stabilizer as photo below, polymer stabilizer include heat stabilizer and uv absorber / HALS (hindered amine light stabilizer), heat stabilizer sub divided into phenolics,amines,phosphites,thioesters,metal deactivates.

2. How to choose antioxidants,uv absorber,HALS for plastics?

Selection of plastic antioxidants

here are list typical use of antioxidant,uv absorber,light stabilizer for each material,the information below are not to be construed as a warranty or representation for which we assume legal responsibility.
Users should undertake sufficient verification and testing to determine the suitable for their own particular purpose of any information or products referred to herein.

if any questions when choosing these additives for your material,please contact our support team by (Click Here).

For Antioxidants (Click Here),jump to antioxidant product page

For UV Absorber/Light Stabilizer (Click Here), jump to antioxidant product page

Applications	Material	Antioxidant	UV Absorber/HALS
POLYOLEFIN	PP thick section	1010+DSTDP	622+326
	PP thin section Fiber & strip	PP fiber:1425 1010+168/DSTDP	Fiber: 770 without heat 622with heat Strip:791
	HDPE	1010+168	791 ,944
	LDPE	1010	622+531
	LLDPE	1010+168	944/622+531
	PEX	TMB 6	/
	PB	1010+ DLTDP
STYRENICS	PS	1076	UV P+770
	SAN	1076+168	UV P+770
	IPS	245,1076	UV P+770
	HIPS	245	/
	MBS	1076+DLTDP	/
	ABS	245+DLTDP	UV P+770
	SIS	1076/1010 0.1-0.5%	UV P+770 Hotmelt adhesive 213 /770 pressure sensitive adhesion 213/770
	SBS	1076/1010 0.1-0.5%	UV P Adhensive 1010+626+136
POLYURETHANE	PUR	1076+5057 Aromatic amines＜0.05%	leather,elastomer,textile,sole,adhesive, fiber need uv absorber, Sole:UV P+770 +1010 Film:770 +UV P
ENGINEERING PLASTICS	PC	1076+168	UV P,1577
	POM	245,1010	622+234
	PET	1010	1577 PET fiber:770 +329
	PBT	245	1577
	UPR	/	329
	Aliphatic PA	245/1098+168	944,770
	TPEE		329
	TPU	1010/245+ DLTDP+445	/
	PMMA		0.05-0.2% UV P+770 Not always use together
	PPE	/	UV P or 770
	PSU	/	/
PVC	RPVC	/	UV P or 320
	PPVC	/	531+944
ELASTOMER	BR	1520	320
	IR	565	320
	SBR	1520+TNPP	320
	NBR	1520+TNPP
	EPR,EPDM	1010	329+770
	Thermoplastic rubber
	TPO	3052+168
	X-SBR	Cas 31851-03-3 Cas 26780-96-1

Selection of antioxidants for use with UV absorber

Care is needed in selecting anti-oxidants for use in combination with effective light-stabilization systems. High molecular weight stabilizers provide high levels of heat stability at normal application temperature. To avoid colour shifts (especially yellow discolouration), BHT-free resins should be used with HALS formulations. Sulphur-containing organic compounds used as thio-synergists are known to reduce the light stability level conferred by HALS, and high levels should be avoided.

	PE food contact	PEgreenhouse film	PP coloured food contact	(General purpose	PP tapes, mouldings	PP coloured food contact
Base resin	PH	PE	PP	PH	PP	PP
HMW-HALS	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Low MW	Yes
Benzophenone	Yes	Yes				Yes
food contact	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes
Thermal stabilization	good	good	Very good	Very good	Good	Limited
Application and let-down	Heavy-duty sticks: 1.5- 2.5%: film: 1.25-1.75%, 2.5-3.5%(24m); mouldings: 1.5-3%	Heavy-duty sacks: 1.5- 2.5%: greenhouse film: 1.25-1.75%. 2.5- 3.5 (24m)	Tapes: 1-3%; fibre: 1-3%: mouldings: 0.5-2.5%	Shrink wrap: 0.75-1.5%; greenhouse film:1-1.5%; HDPE crates: 0.25-0.5%; mouldings: 0.5-2.0%	Tapes: 0.5-2.0%; mouldings: 0.5-2.5%	Food crates: 0.5-1.5%; tapes: 1-3%; black tapes: 1-

How to Choose Violet Pigment for Plastic ?

here are total 4 violet pigments suited for plastics,key features of these plastic violet pigments as below,

SN	Shade	Product Name	C.I.Const.No.	Chemical Family
1	Red Shade	Pigment Violet 19 β	C.I.73900	Quinacridone
2	Blue Shade	Pigment Violet 23	C.I.51319	Dioxazin
3	Red Shade	Pigment Violet 29	C.I.71129	Perylene
4	Blue Shade	Pigment Violet 37	C.I.51345	Dioxazin

Pigment Violet 23 is of  Extremely High tinting strength,High gloss,Pure blue shade violet,Good light and weather fastness,Average immigration resistance

Pigment Violet 37 is of Redder than PV23,Lower tinting strength,Other properties better than PV 23,PV37 shows Better immigration resistance,better heat resistance than PV23

Pigment Violet 19 β is of Good properties even in low concentration,Low tinting strength.it is More redder,Better properties

Pigment Violet 29 is of High tinting strength,High transparency,Good weather fastness

all these 5 plastic middle shade yellow pigment technical position as below

Here we use pigment violet 23 as the standard violet pigment for plastic, with commercial success to make it cost reasonable, it is the first choice of violet pigments, if pigment violet 23 not able to meet user requirement in light color, pigment violet 37 is an option. 

If user need higher heat resistance and better weather fastness, could choose pigment violet 19 β form,meanwhile shall pay attention to it's low tinting strength,red shade and cost increase.

Pigment violet 29 exhibits better all around properties while price is also higher